距离2014考研还有20天的时间，考研复习进入了最后冲刺阶段，新东方在线全国研究生入学考试研究中心英语教研室建议大家这一阶段不仅要坚持练习真题，更要抓紧时间准备大、小作文。

　　根据作文内容可将其分为10大类。其实从文章功能来看，我们可把这10大类文章归为三种类型：解决问题、论证观点、阐述现象。其中第一类具有解决问题功能的短文包括了：1、身体健康类；2、职业道德类；3、人口增长类；4、环境保护类。第二类具有论证观点功能的短文包括了：5、情感类；6、人生价值类。第三类具有阐述现象功能的短文包括了：7、文化交流类；8、教育类；9、家庭关系类；10、社会热点类。除了以上三项功能，我们还将在文章的最后列出两个具有对比论证功能的模板。虽然自从1997 年以来的历年短文题目中没有出现要求进行对比论证的话题，但是考生仍然应该有所准备，因为对比论证是英文写作的一种重要写作手法，需要引起一定的重视。

　　类型I：解决问题
　　
　　这种类型的文章主要针对一些实际的问题分析其原因和后果，最后提出解决的措施。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第二段分析问题所在，第三段提出解决方案。

　　1、身体健康类

　　The picture         . What is strikingly noticeable is         , but it can be easily explained by          shown in the picture。

　　The discern able unhealthiness           discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in the China’s         . One the one hand,        . On the other hand,        . As a result, the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span, just as the picture tells us。

　　The situation is rather depressing because         , and it is largely owing to         . To solve the problem, I think there should be a thriving social trend         , and those who          should be rewarded with good living and working conditions。

　　2、职业道德类

　　We can see from the picture that         , but         。

　　If         , he would surely express         . There are three reasons to explain why it happens to         . Firstly,        , which resulted from         . Secondly, though         ,        . Consequently,        . Thirdly,        。

　　I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon. Firstly, we need to endeavor to advocate         . Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society. Only through the combined efforts can we eliminate this “tumor” forcefully and completely。

　　3、人口增长类

　　The picture depicts a scene in which         . The scene is presented in an artistic and ironic manner. Crowds of people are crammed in         . Further examination reveals that         。

　　Apparently, the picture symbolizes that humans, with such a huge population, may one day suffer from the exhaustion of earth resources. Take         for example. Given the fact that         , we find that         . To make it worse,        。

　　If the conflict between population boom and shortage of resources is not properly controlled, we have every reason to hold a pessimistic perspective towards human’s future on Earth. Perhaps eventually we would face the situation suggested by the picture, that is,        . Accordingly, I strongly recommend that the whole globe launch aggressive programs to address this fatal contradiction。

　　4、环境保护类

　　This is a very interesting piece of cartoon, in         thanks to         . Hence,        。

　　Though being a little exaggerating, the cartoon illuminates a serious fact that         , and for that matter,        . A recent report also supported this view by         . On the contrary, we are sad to perceive that         。

　　Therefore, in my opinion, it is already high time for the whole world to form a solid cooperation fighting against         , because not a single government or person can be exempt from its harm. A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently implemented to control         。

　　类型II：论证观点
　　
　　这种类型的文章主要分析论证一些具体的观点。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第二段提出观点、进行理论分析和事例分析，第三段总结观点、表明态度。

　　5、情感类

　　As is shown in the picture above,        . Obviously from         we can surmise that         。

　　It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of         . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature. For instance,        . Additionally, we can also hear many stories about         . Not to mention those moving cases of         。

　　All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a         . By         , people not only harvest         , but also gain         that can never be purchased via money。

　　6、人生价值类

　　As the old Chinese saying goes,        . It echoes with this picture in which         . The title of the picture further points out that         。

　　The picture is meant to         . As far as I am concerned, I think         . This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of         , where         。

　　A brief survey of history about         also demonstrates the fundamental importance of         。        , for example,        . The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from         。

　　类型III：阐述现象
　　
　　这种类型的文章主要描述一些现象并具体分析解释现象的原因等。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容，第二段分析该现象的原因、意义等，第三段总结观点、或提出建议。

　　7、文化交流类

　　It is a very eye-catching photo in which         . What makes this picture extraordinary is         , which clearly indicates         。

　　The sense of         that permeates this picture is representative of         , that is,        , and therefore,         . China, in particular,        . The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by         。

　　While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary。         is not only featured by         , but more importantly, by         . I firmly believe that         is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity. (参见范文1)

　　8、教育类

　　As the title indicates, “        ”， the set of pictures apparently reminds us that         . It is discern able that         。

　　The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is,         . That is to say,        . Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects. Firstly,        . Secondly,        . Last but not the least,        。

　　In my point of view,        , but it is only part of the picture. On the other hand,        . Therefore, it is an urgent task to         . As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation。

　　9、家庭关系类

　　The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene. The artist purposefully exaggerates         . This picture reveals the in-depth problem of          。

　　In fact,         . There are two reasons for this. The first and perhaps most important is that          . The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view.         . It owes to          。

　　In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our         . What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that,         . Therefore, I strongly contend that         。

　　10、社会热点类
　　The two pictures illustrate vividly         . In the left picture         , while in the right         。

　　From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of         . Aside from         , another telling example is         , which was so successful in         that        . The pictures also make it obvious that we should       。

　　Admittedly, it is natural that         . Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to         . In my opinion, what’s the more important is to         . In short,        。

　　类型IV：对比论证
　　
　　这类功能具体是针对那些要求比较不同事物或者同一事物的不同方面的文章。一般情况下三段的分布为：第一段描述图画内容、提出问题，第二段列举和分析对于该问题的不同看法和观点、进行对比和比较，第三段阐明自己的观点和看法。

　　According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that. In the left picture,         . A the same time,         as the right one shows. Different people have different views on         。

　　Some people support         by claiming that        . In their opinion,        . In addition,        . Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who         . Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for        , sometimes for        , sometimes simply for        。

　　In my point of view, both sides are partly right. To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision. Therefore, my conclusion would be that        。

　　需要说明的是，以上分类并不是具有绝对意义的，譬如一些身体健康类的话题也可能适合以论证观点的短文模板来套用，这里所做的分类指大致的分类和适用范围。希望广大考生能够认真研读、练习，熟练运用到自己的写作当中，为自己的英语作文加分！最后，新东方在线网络课堂全国研究生入学考试研究中心英语教研老师祝大家考研成功！